Sibling rivalry is one of the key life challenges for most people. According to a new book, “The Sibling Rivalry Effect,” conflicts arise every 17 minutes between 3-7 year-olds and every 9.5 minutes between 2-4 year-olds: an impressive frequency. Such struggles often last a life-time, and sibling relationships tend to be more long-lasting than any other. So why don’t the pressures—if not tortures—of sibling rivalry come up more often as a subject of artistic expression?
A recent article in the Boston Globe (February 19, 2012) by Katharine Whittemore begins with the fascinating fact that in the two dozen volumes of Freud’s writings, he only mentions sibling rivalry five times. Turns out Freud was his mother’s favorite, the eldest of seven and the only one to have his own room and an oil lamp for reading at night. One might posit that he wanted so badly to be an only child that he left the whole category of siblings out of his work, as though wishing them away altogether. Since Freud set the agenda for much of the psychoanalytic focus of the last hundred plus years, it’s no small wonder that the subject has taken a back seat in our cultural consciousness. But perhaps sibling rivalry’s time has come. Whittemore mentions four new books on the subject:
The Sibling Rivalry Effect: What the Bonds Among Brothers and Sisters Reveal About Us, by Jeffrey Kluger, who reviews the latest research and reports that “siblings are the boot camp of socialization.”
Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics, and Creative Lives, by Frank J. Sulloway. who offers fascinating stats on the effect of birth order on character, success in life, and likelihood of leading a revolution.
Cain’s Legacy: Liberating Siblings from a Lifetime of Rage, Shame, Secrecy, and Regret, by Jeanne Safer, a psychotherapist, who reviews iconic instances of siblings in literature and through interviews observes siblings’ tendency to regress in one another’s presence and recapitulate age-old animosities.
More Than Kin and Less than Kind: the Evolution of Family Conflict, by Douglas Mock, who explains animal adaptations to there being more offspring than can survive in the wild.
Now that research on the subject is more common, it will be interesting to see if the subject comes up more in films and novels. Could it be that the answer to its mysterious absence heretofore lies in the general wish not to have had to share parental love and attention, that writers and film-makers who got on well with their sibling have little need to work with the subject, while those who did not, prefer to avoid it altogether — like Freud?
Elizabeth Marcus March 26, 2012 at 4:54 pm
This is part of a note I sent to Dr. Greenberg in reference to her review:
“I do not have siblings myself, though I observed the intense rivalry of my own children. Could the explanation for the avoidance of the topic be as simple as people who resented their siblings wanting to put them out of their minds, to banish them from consciousness? My husband has a twin brother, Bruce, with whom he does not get along. On Bruce’s bureau is a veritable shrine to their parents, multiple pictures of the pair through the many years of their marriage. Occasionally Bruce appears with them but never my husband. Someone not knowing there were three other children in the family would see the photos and think Bruce was an only child. A person who spent his childhood wishing his sibling would disappear might take advantage, as an adult, of having the means to make it happen. Or do you think it is something more complicated? Is Freud to blame for not shining his light on the subject?
You write that it is “hard to discuss” siblings. I wonder if you would be willing to elaborate on what you mean by that.”
Dr. Greenberg offered to do so, and in the meantime, forwarded my message to Dr. Safer, who wrote back the following:
“You ask a fascinating question, which I address in both my books on siblings: my earlier one, The Normal One: Life with a Difficult or Damaged Sibling, has a chapter called “Everybody’s An Only Child” that discusses some of the reasons why we get rid of them. It is an astonishing absence in psychoanalysis, which sees childhood and family experience as so fundamental to adult life .A panel I organized on siblings in 2003 for the Division of Psychoanalysis of The American Psychological Assn was the first it held in its 25-year history. Also take a look at the “Bonds” column by Elizabeth Bernstein in last tuesday’s Wall Street Journal (3/20) on this topic. You are right that Freud is partly to blame–he was the eldest of 8, never forgave the rest (all sisters except for a brother who died in infancy and over whose death Sigmund felt unbearable guilt) for being born to his adored mother–and as a result had problems with peers and colleagues his entire life. His complete works include all of 5 references to brothers and sisters. I also discuss this topic extensively in Cain’s Legacy. I’ll be happy to answer any other questions on this intriguing topic.
Jeanne Safer
eliz March 22, 2012 at 10:11 pm
Dr. Tamara M. Greenberg, in her Amazon review of Safer’s book (above) writes this:
“Dr. Safer thoughtfully and cogently takes on an issue that has often been an enigma to those of us who work in the fields of psychology and psychoanalysis. Though many of us received training on how parental dynamics shape and influence the development of children, few of us have had requisite education in understanding how siblings form and contribute to character structure. Indeed, siblings are hard to think about; Safer reminds us that Freud rarely mentioned his many brothers and sisters in all of his writing.”
Dr. Greenberg confirms that sibling issues are not well covered in psychiatric and psychological training, but why is that? Why is it, as she says, “hard to think about” siblings?